منابع مشابه
Loss of sea ice in the Arctic.
The Arctic sea ice cover is in decline. The areal extent of the ice cover has been decreasing for the past few decades at an accelerating rate. Evidence also points to a decrease in sea ice thickness and a reduction in the amount of thicker perennial sea ice. A general global warming trend has made the ice cover more vulnerable to natural fluctuations in atmospheric and oceanic forcing. The obs...
متن کاملNonlinear threshold behavior during the loss of Arctic sea ice.
In light of the rapid recent retreat of Arctic sea ice, a number of studies have discussed the possibility of a critical threshold (or "tipping point") beyond which the ice-albedo feedback causes the ice cover to melt away in an irreversible process. The focus has typically been centered on the annual minimum (September) ice cover, which is often seen as particularly susceptible to destabilizat...
متن کاملObserved Arctic sea-ice loss directly follows anthropogenic CO2 emission.
Arctic sea ice is retreating rapidly, raising prospects of a future ice-free Arctic Ocean during summer. Because climate-model simulations of the sea-ice loss differ substantially, we used a robust linear relationship between monthly-mean September sea-ice area and cumulative carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions to infer the future evolution of Arctic summer sea ice directly from the observational re...
متن کاملResilience of the Present Climate to Antarctic Sea-Ice Loss
The role played by Southern Hemisphere sea-ice in global climate is explored using an Earth system climate model of intermediate complexity. An ensemble of experiments is analysed where freshwater forcing equivalent to a complete 100 year meltback of Southern Hemisphere sea-ice is applied to a model run that simulates the present climate. This freshwater forcing acts to mildy subdue Southern Oc...
متن کاملModelling Acoustic Transmission Loss Due to Sea Ice Cover
The propagation of underwater acoustic signals in polar regions is dominated by an upward refracting sound speed environment and the presence of a dynamic highly variable ice canopy. This paper provides an overview of the acoustic properties of sea ice and assesses the influence of ice canopy and water column properties on acoustic transmission loss for propagation within 20 km of a sound sourc...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Science
سال: 2014
ISSN: 0036-8075,1095-9203
DOI: 10.1126/science.346.6209.597-c